The Tanzanian government has earmarked Sh4 billion ($1.5 million) for the 2025/26 national wildlife census, an initiative aimed at monitoring and preserving the country’s vast biodiversity. This marks the 23rd phase of Tanzania’s long-term conservation efforts, which have been ongoing since 1987.
The Tanzania Wildlife Research Institute (TAWIRI) is leading the census, which plays a critical role in shaping wildlife conservation strategies, informing policy decisions, and strengthening ecosystem management. The latest census data confirms that Tanzania remains home to Africa’s largest buffalo and lion populations, solidifying its status as a key player in the continent’s conservation efforts.
Tanzania’s Leading Role in Wildlife Conservation
According to TAWIRI’s 2024 wildlife census report, Tanzania leads Africa in both buffalo and lion populations. Of the continent’s estimated 401,000 buffalo, Tanzania harbors 225,000, far surpassing South Africa (46,000), Mozambique (45,000), Kenya (42,000), and Zambia (41,000). The country also boasts the largest lion population in Africa, with 17,000 out of the continent’s total 29,000 lions. In comparison, South Africa has 3,284 lions, Botswana hosts 3,064, while Kenya and Zambia each have 2,500.
These figures highlight Tanzania’s rich biodiversity and its crucial role in sustaining key wildlife species, which are not only integral to the ecosystem but also drive tourism, a major pillar of the national economy.
Progress of the 2025/26 Wildlife Census
TAWIRI’s Director of Wildlife Research, Julius Keyyu, confirmed that the census, which commenced in September 2024, is progressing steadily and is expected to conclude later this year.
“So far, we have completed surveys in five out of nine ecological zones, including Katavi-Rukwa, Ruaha-Rungwa, Nyerere-Selous-Mikumi, West Kilimanjaro-Lake Natron, and Mkomazi. These regions account for 65% of the total census work,” Keyyu stated.
The census primarily relies on aerial surveys, where experts conduct wildlife counts from aircraft to ensure accuracy. So far, Sh2.7 billion ($1.04 million) of the allocated budget has been utilized to fund the project.
Focus on Key Wildlife Species
Dr. Hamza Kija, TAWIRI’s chief researcher for the Wildlife Census Unit, emphasized that the ongoing phase focuses on assessing populations of critical species such as elephants, buffalo, elands, giraffes, and zebras.
“Our goal is to obtain accurate population data for these species to inform policymaking and enhance their ecosystems, ensuring their survival for the future of both the tourism industry and the nation’s economy,” Dr. Kija explained.
As Tanzania continues its conservation efforts, the 2025/26 wildlife census is expected to provide vital insights into population trends, habitat conditions, and potential threats to biodiversity. With ongoing government investment and scientific research, the country remains committed to preserving its natural heritage for future generations.
