Tensions flared along the border between South Sudan and Uganda as armed clashes broke out between the two countries’ forces in Central Equatoria State, South Sudanese military officials confirmed Tuesday.
According to the South Sudan People’s Defence Forces (SSPDF), troops from both nations exchanged gunfire in Kajo-Keji County, a volatile border area that has seen past security incidents. The confrontation reportedly resulted in casualties and injuries on both sides, though official figures have yet to be released.
In a bid to defuse the situation, South Sudan’s Chief of General Staff contacted his Ugandan counterpart to open channels for de-escalation and determine the causes behind the confrontation.
Local authorities say the incident triggered widespread panic, forcing thousands of civilians to flee into nearby forests, schools, and places of worship for shelter.
Cross-Border Military Tensions
Uganda has maintained a military presence in parts of South Sudan, a move initially confirmed in March 2025, when Kampala deployed special forces across the border. The operation, Ugandan officials said at the time, aimed to secure trade routes and border communities. However, observers noted that the deployment could be interpreted as part of Uganda’s longstanding support for South Sudanese President Salva Kiir, particularly dating back to the country’s brutal civil war.
The latest confrontation raises concerns about potential regional instability, particularly in border areas already strained by displacement, poor infrastructure, and sporadic militia activity.
History of Fragile Peace
South Sudan remains fragile following a civil war that erupted in 2013 between President Kiir and his then-deputy Riek Machar, which claimed the lives of an estimated 400,000 people. A power-sharing agreement was reached in 2018, yet tensions and localized violence have persisted.
The Ugandan military was widely seen as a key external backer of Kiir’s government during the conflict, providing troops and logistics support at critical moments.
Call for Dialogue
No official comment has yet been made by the Ugandan army regarding the clash. Analysts warn that without transparent investigation and coordinated border security mechanisms, minor incidents could quickly spiral into larger confrontations, undermining regional peace efforts.
Efforts are reportedly underway between Juba and Kampala to contain the fallout, as both governments face mounting pressure to protect civilians and prevent future border skirmishes.
